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第３学年・１学期期末考査
英語Ｒ　問題
実施日：２００２年７月１０日（水曜日）
　
■Ⅰ．以下の各問に答えなさい。
　
ａ．各組の文が等しい意味になるように、空所を適切な英単語で補ったとき、( * )の位置に来る語を答えなさい。
　
1) １２までに宿題を終えたい。
I hope to finish my homework ( * ) 12 o'clock.
　
2) When we saw the huge rock from a distance, it looked like a human face.
( * ) from a distance, the huge rock looked like a human face.
　
3) But for the rain, more people would have come.
(　) (　) ( * ) (　) for the rain, more people would have come.
　
4) 大阪は日本のどの都市より橋が多い。
Osaka has (　) bridges (　) ( * ) (　) (　) in Japan.
　
5) She seems not to have slept well last night.
It seems (　) (　) ( * ) (　) (　) well last night.
　
ｂ．各日本文に合うように、（　）内の語群を並べ替えて英文を作ったとき、それぞれ不足する英単語を答えなさい。
6) もしみんなが好き勝手していたら、このクラスはどうなるのだろう。
If everybody ( were / have / what / to / become / one's own way / would ) our class?
　
7) 君のお父さんだと思ったけど、実はまったくの他人だった。
The man ( who / to / I / proved / thought / your / father ) be a perfect stranger.
　
8) 長くお待たせしてすみません。
I am ( have / long / so / to / waiting / you / sorry )
　
9) 成功するか否かは、彼の健康状態次第です。
( or / he / depends / succeed / his / upon / not / will ) health.
　
10) 朝起きてみると、地面に雪が積もっていた。
I awoke this morning ( snow / with / to / the / ground / covered ).
　
■Ⅱ．以下の各問に答えなさい。
　
ａ．適切な英会話となるように（　）内に入るふさわしい表現をそれぞれ１～４から選び、記号で答えなさい。
　
1) X : Should I type these exercises?
Y : (　)
1 Maybe you do.　 2 No, you don't have to.
3 No, you haven't.　 4 Perhaps you are.
　
2) X : (　)
Y : Of course, This fitting room is over there.
1 Can I try these pants on?　 2 Excuse me.　Is this pants for sale?
3 I'll take these pants.　 4 Where can I find the cashier?
3) X : Could you connect me to Ms. Compson?
Y : Sure.　I'll (　). ... Oh, I'm sorry.　She's on another line now.
1 call you back.　 2 give you my number
3 take your message　 4 put you through
　
4) X : What is the best way to Tokyo?
Y : By train, if you want to save time.
X : (　)
Y : That depends on the traffic.
1 How much does it cost?　 2 How often do I have to change?
3 Is there an express train?　 4 How long will it take by bus?
　
ｂ．以下の文の空所(5)～(7)に入れるのにふさわしい語句を語群あ～うから選び、記号で答えなさい。さらに、(8)～(10)の質問に対し、本文の内容に一致するものには○を一致しないものには×を入れなさい。
　
( 5 ) the events, turning down a close friend's invitation can be difficult.　On one hand you don't want to hurt their feelings.　( 6 ), they are your best friends and you should be able to be honest with them.　( 7 ), if you accept their invitation and do something you don't want to do, you could end up resenting them.
　
あfurthermore　　いon the other hand　　うregardless of
　
( 8 )　If you refuse a close friend's invitation, he or she may feel bad.
( 9 )　We tend to think that we should be honest with our best friends.
( 10 ) If you accept a friend's invitation when you really don't want to, he or she may get angry with you.
　
■Ⅲ．空所に適切な英単語をそれぞれの語群１～５から補い、記号で答えなさい。
　
1)　Patience is one of her good (　).
1 leak　2 statue　3 spectacle　4 trait　5 wither
　
2)　She is (　) to hear but slow to speak.
1 expedition　2 swift　3 crew　4 mercy　5 flame
　
3)　It isn't (　) to speak ill of others behind their backs.
1 marine　2 crude　3 bold　4 concrete　5 decent
　
4)　Don't (　) to violence
1 resort　2 restrain　3 faint　4 resolve　5 restore
　
5)　Please (　) from smoking.
1 constitute　2 indulge　3 render　4 refrain　5 resent
　
6)　She (　) her fortune by hard work.
1 accommodate　2 ascend　3 accumulate　4 irritate　5 endeavor
　
7)　As an astronomer I analyze the (　) of the universe with a telescope.
1 myths　2 abstract　3 electron　4 falsities　5 structure
　
8)　I can (　) the fact that I am alive today to him.
1 pursue　2 tempt　3 stream　4 focus　5 attribute
　
9)　A doctor (　) that Charlie be committed to a mental hospital.
1 alarm　2 belong　3 preserve　4 recommend　5 mention
　
10) I regret the fact that I (　) my father's generous character.
1 abuse　2 commit　3 routine　4 owe　5 glance
11) "You are beautiful."　"What a lovely (　)."
1 illusion　2 compliment　3 atmosphere　4 fantasy　5 convention
　
12) His prosperity was (　) solely to the fact that he was apt to employ threats.
1 apt　2 justified　3 overwhelmed　4 introduced　5 due
　
13) He (　) unhappy people at funerals about how people became dust in the earth.
1 address　2 deliver　3 pray　4 substitute　5 dictate
　
14) The (　) of gaining and using knowledge is real power.
1 proposition　2 manner　3 aggression　4 faculty　5 authority
　
15) By sitting near a wall people could avoid being surprised by enemy attacks while (　) their food.
1 feed　2 occupy　3 contain　4 confront　5 consume
　
16) The power of your mind is developed by effort and exercise.　This is the (　) product of hard study.
1 principal　2 muscle　3 bound　4 grasp　5 scholar
　
17) Every year the young girls celebrate Shei's sacrifice because they know she (　) herself for all of them.
1 obey　2 scatter　3 substitute　4 scare　5 savage
　
18) I was (　) to leave that splendid planet and return to earth.
1 peculiar　2 reluctant　3 exploit　4 explode　5 conquer
　
19) The atmosphere was tense as the three jealous brothers waited to hear what they would (　) from their father.
1 scheme　2 contribute　3 inherit　4 vision　5 calculate
　
20)　Hubert was a rough character, but I (　) his attitude and realized that, though he was a slave, he always had peace of mind.
1 interact　2 burst　5 analyze　4 slave　5 release
　
■Ⅳ．以下の各問に答えなさい。
　
ａ．以下の文を読んで、その要約文の(1)～(4)を適切な語句で補いなさい。ただし、語句は本文中にあるものを用いること。
　
　　 Sikha Valley is surrounded by some of the highest mountains on Earth.　A two-day trek from the nearest city, Pokhara, this alpine valley rests at around 2,000 meters above sea level.
　　 Even though the Himalayas look beautiful from a distance, if one looks at Sikha Valley more closely, one can see much environmental damage.　The mountain slopes are covered with landslides of small pieces of rock, and the branches of the trees have all been cut away for fuel and fodder to support the villages' growing population.　Young men are noticeably absent, gone to look for jobs elsewhere.
　　 Deforestation here is not simply a local problem.　The Sikha Valley watershed is the source of the Kali Gandaki River, which, with other Nepali tributaries, flows into the Ganges.　Soil erosion in the Himalayas has caused killer floods that have swept through northeast India and Bangladesh.　These floods have taken thousands of lives and caused much economic damage to these developing nations.
　

　The problem in Sikha Vally is ( 1 ), which is caused by cutting down so many trees.　Then ( 1 ) brings ( 2 ) since there is no tree on the mountains and landslides easily happens.　When it rains, ( 2 ) causes ( 3 ), which give ( 4 ) to India and Bangladesh.
　
ｂ．以下の文を読んで、英問５・６に答えなさい。
　
　　 "The many trekkers who come through give money to the villagers," says Kawakita.　"People are exposed to Western culture, and more and more young villagers leave in search of a cash income.　It's a dangerous sign when young people have nothing to look forward to in the village," he says.
　　 A project was started in 1992.　The main activity of the project is the Mountain Ecology School, held twice since March 1992.　The program gives trekkers the chance to join a month-long course to learn about and experience the ecology and life of the local people.
　　 "Trekkers should not just give money," says Kawakita. "They should also study the ecology of the area.　This is a very important issue for everyone in the world today."
　　 About 30 to 40 Japanese people pay \340,000 to join the program each time.　"It helps the villagers in three ways," explains Kawakita.　"First, with a trained guide association, trekkers pay the villagers money, and that helps.　Second, with a union of the village lodges, the villagers also get paid.　And third, with local teachers for the school, the teachers get paid.　All these extra forms of income help."
　
5) Accoding to Kawakita, why should NOT trekkers just give money to villagers?
　
6) How can villagers get paid in the project of the Moutain Ecology School?　Pick up three words to show each role in the aboce text.
　
■Ⅴ．以下の英文を読んで各問に答えなさい。
　　 It was a hot summer night in 1986 in Tanglewood.　Several thousand music lovers were gathered there for the annual Tanglewood Music Festival.　On this evening the audience were waiting for the concert by the Boston Symphony Orchestra to begin.　Before long, the members of the orchestra walked on stage and sat down.　The famous conductor and composer, Leonard Bernstein, stepped in front of the orchestra.　He smiled at the violin soloist for the evening, fourteen-year-old Midori Goto.　Then he raised his baton and the music began.
　　 The first piece of the concert was Bernstein's Serenade for Violin and String Orchestra, and Midori was playing brilliantly under the composer's direction.　During the last movement, however, something unexpected happened.　The E string on Midori's violin snapped.　She quickly turned to Mr. Lowe, the concertmaster, who handed over his Stradivarius after a moment's hesitation.　She took it and proceeded as if nothing had happened.
　　 Then, it happened again ― another E string snapped.　By this time Mr. Lowe was playing the Guadagnini of the violinist next to him.　Midori took it from him, thinking at first it was her own violin, with the string replaced.　Realizing that it wasn't her violin, and ★あunwilling once again to ★いinterrupt the music, she continued playing without making a mistake and finished the piece on the Guadagnini.
　　 When Midori finished playing, the audience, the conductor, and the members of the orchestra gave an ★うenthusiastic standing ovation.　Several thousand people had watched this young musician change violins twice and use instruments far larger than her own, in the middle of a difficult piece.　Never once had she forgotten her place in the music.　Everyone was amazed.
　　 Little did Midori suspect that, with this performance, her life would change completely.　When she returned to her apartment, she was surrounded by reporters and photographers who had gathered outside her door.　When she was asked how she had felt when she broke the string, she answered clearly and politely.　"What could I do?　My strings broke, and I didn't want to stop the music," she said.　"It's the same as when there's a fire in the room.　You just know what to do."　What the fourteen-year-old girl achieved in Tanglewood ★えimpressed people from all walks of life; the story even appeared later on in an American elementary school textbook.
　
ａ．★あ～えの英単語の意味を答えなさい。
ｂ．英文の内容と一致する文を1)～8)から３つ選びなさい。
　
1) Midori Goto, who was fourteen years old, was the concertmaster of the concert by the Boston Symphony Orchestra in 1986.
2) Nothing had happend to the Stradivarius of Mr. Lowe while Midori was playing her part of Bernstein's Serenade for Violin and String Orchestra.
3) The Guadagnini was the name of a violin that Mr. Low, the concertmaster owned.
4) When the E string snapped again and Midori received another violin from Mr. Lowe, she believed that it was her own.
5) Midori used three violins, including her own, while Midori was playing her part of Bernstein's Serenade for Violin and String Orchestra.
6) Midori doubted that with her performance in Tanglewood, her life would change completely.
7) Leonard Bernstein probably knew that something was wrong with Midori's violin during her performance.
8) The E string of a violin snapped so rarely that the story of Midori appeared later in an American elementary school textbook.
　
■Ⅵ．以下の英文を読んで、各問に答えなさい。
　　 As March turned to April, the qualifying games for the 1991 championship began.　In the 25-year history of the Chicago Bulls, the team had never advanced to the finals of the National Basketball Association.　But Jordan and his teammates easily defeated their first three opponents, and found themselves up against the Los Angeles Lakers in the championship series.
　　 ★あExcited as the city of Chicago was, Jordan seemed almost subdued. When reporters asked him about the chance to win a championship, the greatest prize his profession had to offer, his words were almost mechanical.　★いI found it hard to understand.
　　 The Bulls split the first two games of the series with the Lakers and flew to Los Angeles, where Chicago won the next two contests.　If the Bulls won the final remaining game in Los Angeles, the championship would be theirs.　But with 6 minutes and 47 seconds left in the fourth quarter, the Lakers managed to take a 91-90 lead.　Their fans began singing and waving their fists.
　　 During a timeout, ★うI saw Jordan, furious and agitated, talking rapidly to his teammates.　At that moment ★え( 1 any / 2 as intensely　/ 3 ever / 4 focused as / 5 had / 6 he was / 7 I / 8 person / 9 seen ). He was not going to allow his team to lose.　In the final minutes the Bulls pulled ahead.　Then the buzzer sounded: Bulls 108, Lakers 101.
　　 After the game, millions of television viewers around the country saw Jordan sitting in front of his locker-room cubicle, embracing the world-championship trophy, weeping uncontrollably as he rested his head against it.　Suddenly I understood.　There are only two reasons for us not to be able to talk about something: When it means nothing to us.　And when it means everything.
　　 The scoreboard in Los Angeles said that the Bulls had just become the best team in the world.　But there was ★おsomething more important that I had learned from Jordan: the real championships in life are not always won on a basketball court.
　
1) 下線部★あを以下のように書き換えたとき、( * )に入る語を答えなさい。
　　(　) the city of Chicago excited, Jordan seemed almost subdued.
2) 下線部★いの答えとなる英文を本文中から３語で抜き出しなさい。
3) 下線部★うを日本語訳しなさい。
4) 下線部★えを適切な英文になるように語群を並べ替えたとき、３番目と６番目に来る数字を答えなさい。
5) 下線部★が指す英文を抜き出し、そのはじめの３語を答えなさい。
　
■Ⅶ．以下の英文を読んで、各問に答えなさい。
【あ】 This story ★１in particular indicates that many Americans are likely to think of moss as something undesirable, which helps explain their own interpretation of the proverb.
【い】 Covert culture not only affects people's actions, but also their interpretation of words and objects.　A good example of the influence of covert culture on language can be seen in the English proverb, "A rolling stone gathers no moss."　This proverb is usually explained in Britain as meaning "One who is always changing jobs will never become rich."　It is clear that this is a proverb ★２warning against lack of ★３perseverance.
【う】 Another important fact is that in American society, changing jobs frequently is thought of by many as being good for individual development.　For Americans, mobility itself is thought of as showing one's ability.　This, then, is the cultural background which leads Americans to give "A rolling stone gathers no moss" an interpretation exactly opposite to the one popular in Britain.
【え】 In America, however, this proverb is usually taken to mean the very opposite.　Thus an American might explain the meaning as "If you keep moving and stay active, you will not get rusty."　This interpretation is ★４consistent with many other aspects of American culture which reveal a dislike for old things.
【お】 For example, many Americans do not ★５care for old-looking houses.　They frequently repaint their houses to make them look new again.　After World War II, when many Japanese houses were taken over by the Occupation forces, the new American residents often painted over the beautiful old wooden alcove posts.　One American living in a Japanese house even brushed all the moss off a stone lantern in the garden.
　
ａ．★１～５を日本語訳しなさい。
ｂ．段落【あ】～【こ】を適切に並べ替えなさい。
　
■Ⅷ．以下の英文を読んで、各問に答えなさい。
　　 What are the main differences between Japanese and Western aesthetics?　In the West we admire such qualities as 【１】.　Furthermore, we think of life and art as 【２】.　Art is something outside our lives which we admire from a distance.　Art, as in a piece of music, a painting, or a novel, for example, is perfect, harmonious, and beautiful.　We also have the idea that a perfect work of art will last forever, such as in our splendid architecture.
　　 In Japanese traditional aesthetics, however, it is opposite qualities such as 【３】.　Japanese beauty invites us to participate in the aesthetic experience by imagining the perfect in the imperfect.　The participation can become an important part of 【４】.
　　 In Western art we admire the perfection of a Mona Lisa, but in Japan the irregular beauty of Ryoanji's rock garden or a cracked tea bowl invites us to imagine 【５】.　Those of you who have visited Ryoanji or other temple rock gardens will know that we can imagine many things, such as a seascape or mountain ranges when we see the rocks.
　　 One of the sources of this sense of beauty probably comes from 【６】. When people like Kenko looked at a winter scene, they somehow imagined the buds of early spring coming up, and so they found the winter scene beautiful.　
　　 In all these cases it is 【７】 which is at work.　We are being asked to believe that meanings exist beyond what is seen or described.　Looking at a winter scene, we can imagine the coming spring.　And that sense of the flux and transience of life becomes in itself beautiful.　In Japan, the impulse of many art forms is rather to celebrate 【８】
　
ａ．本文中の空所【１】～【８】へ、適切な語句をあ～くから選んで記号で答えなさい。
あimperfection, simplicity, irregularity and suggestion that constitute beauty
いsomething beyond what we can see
うsymmetry, balance, proportion and perfection
えthe Japanese love of nature and the changing seasons
おthe power of suggestion
かour spiritual development
きour place in nature or the transience and imperfection of life itself.
くvery separate things
　
ｂ．日本語訳しなさい。
Tea ceremony is unique in that it employs beauty as part of spiritual growth.
　
期末考査・英語Ｒ問題は以上です。
Have a good summer vacation !
　
■．以下の英文を読んで、各問に答えなさい。、
　
　　 It seems that insects like bees and ants are born with a fixed amount of energy, and they 【ア】 waste that energy on useless activities.　They can use up their energy quickly, or they can use it slowly, but they cannot get more energy by eating better or exercising regularly, as humans often try to.　In other words, the harder insects work, the sooner they die, so they only 【イ】 essential activities.
　　 For some creatures, inactivity has so many advantages that they become almost statue-like in their stillness.　One type of lizard which lives in the desert of the southwest United States sits motionless just below the surface of the sand for hours, with nothing visible but its eyes.　As the lizard sits, the sand warms it, lending it the necessary energy to attack any insect that passes by.　Should it see a snake approaching, the lizard can pretend to be dead, stopping its breathing and heartbeat for some time.　Finally, by staying in its sandy blanket the lizard cuts down on water loss, which is always a threat to desert creatures.
　　 For other animals, the need to digest food provides the best explanation of inactivity.　Lions, for example, sometimes stay in the same place without moving for twelve hours at a time.　They are only active for perhaps two or three hours a day.　In that brief period of effort, they hunt, and then eat what they have caught.　A lion can eat an enormous amount at one time, maybe seventy pounds of meat.　Its stomach becomes so big that, by the time it has finished eating, the great king of the jungle 【ウ】 reaching the shade of a tree, where it collapses, stomach up, for a sleep that might more properly be described as a coma!
　　 Many mammals hibernate each winter to conserve their energy.　Winter hibernation 【エ】 for many small mammals: there is nothing to eat, the weather is bad, and many larger animals would be happy to eat them up!　The best thing to do is have a long sleep, hidden away from danger.
　　 Compared with other creatures, human beings spend two to four times as many hours working, even more when family and household duties are taken into account.　It seems that most humans 【オ】work by a desire to gather far more than what is required for survival.　Squirrels collect only what they need for one winter, but humans tend to worry about things which are further in the future: entering university, building a career, or preparing for retirement, for example.
　
ａ．【ア】～【オ】に以下の語群から適切な語句を補い、記号で答えなさい。ただし、語群の表現を文中で用いるときには、適切な形に直す必要があります。
　
1 be driven to　 2 cannot afford to　 3 engage in
4 have great difficulty　 5 make sense
　
ｂ．本文の内容に従って、以下の英文1)～5)があ～えのどの生物について述べたものか、記号で答えなさい。
　
1) If they move so much, soon they will run out of water.
2) They cannot move by themselves without the heat of the sun.
3) They cannot get the extra energy to live once they were born even if they eat foods.
4) They have to stay still when they cannot get enough food.　Besides other animals try to eat them.
5) They must take a long rest after they take foods.　Actually they cannot move!
　
あinsects　 いlizards　 うlions　 えsmall mammals
　

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